The trailer axle is a typical support bridge, which is composed of shaft beam, camshaft, brake assembly, wheel end assembly, adjusting arm and all kinds of washers and bolts. The main function is to bear the weight of the body. In addition to load, it can also play a role in assisting vehicle braking, maintaining vehicle driving, slowing down turbulence, and so on. It does not have steering and driving functions.
From the vehicle structure, the axle is a part of the vehicle chassis, belonging to the driving system. So how is the axle connected to the chassis?
Before answering this question, let us take a look at the four major systems of the vehicle chassis:
1. Transmission system: mainly includes clutch, transmission, universal transmission device, main reducer, differential and half shaft.
2. Driving system: in addition to the axle simply mentioned, it also includes the frame, suspension, wheels, etc.
3. Steering system: including steering wheel, steering shaft, steering string, etc.
4. Brake system: mainly composed of power supply device, control device, transmission device and brake.
Semi Trailer supplier says These four systems together form the vehicle chassis, which is used to support and install the vehicle engine and additional components and assemblies, forming the overall shape of the vehicle, bearing the engine power, and ensuring the normal running of the vehicle.
We can see that the chassis driving system where the axle is located also includes the frame, suspension and wheels. The two ends of the axle are used to connect the wheels, and the upper part is connected to the frame through the suspension.
That is to say, the trailer axle is usually connected to the suspension, and then the suspension is connected to the frame, fixed to the chassis.
While we're at it, I'd like to share with you some knowledge about the lower frame and suspension.
Frame: refers to the bridge structure between each vehicle bridge, is also the installation base of the vehicle, is composed of longitudinal beam and beam rigid structure, mainly can be divided into side beam type, middle beam type, comprehensive type and no beam type.
1, side beam frame: also known as trapezoidal frame, composed of two longitudinal beams and a number of beams on both sides of the riveted or welded into a strong rigid frame, widely used in commercial vehicles.
2. Middle beam frame: there is only one longitudinal beam located in the center and running through the whole length of the car, also known as backbone frame. The frame in the structure can allow the wheel to have a larger jumping space, easy to install independent suspension, and light weight, low center of gravity, strength and stiffness; the disadvantage is that the process is complex, the precision requirements are steep, the assembly installation is difficult, the maintenance is not convenient, so the current application is minor, mostly used for off-road vehicles.
3, comprehensive frame: also known as composite frame, refers to the front part is the side beam, the back part is the middle beam frame, at the same time has the characteristics of the middle beam and side beam frame, the side beam is used to install the engine, hanging out of the bracket for fixing the body, essentially belongs to the middle beam frame of a deformation, of course, the structure is more complex, mainly used for racing or special cars.
4, no beam frame: that is, the bearing type body, as the name suggests is not a separate frame, with the body instead of the frame, the main components are directly connected to the car body, the advantages are excellent stiffness, light weight, and the coordination between the components is better, the disadvantage is the production process is more complex, passenger cars and some buses are essentially using this form of frame.
Suspension: refers to the connection between the frame and the bridge components, the role is to transmit the force and force torsion between the wheel and the frame, buffer the impact force from the uneven road surface to the frame or body, reduce the vibration caused by this, to ensure that the car can drive smoothly, mainly can be divided into rigid suspension, single point suspension, steel suspension, air suspension four categories.
1, rigid suspension: left and right by an axle connection, chassis directly acting on the axle. This kind of shock absorption effect is extremely poor, currently used fewer, mainly used in the axis of carrying goods at low speed.
2. Single point suspension: the common leaf spring before and after support is reduced into a single support connected to the body, its force point is shared on the front and back of the two axles, compared with the ordinary leaf spring suspension bearing capacity is larger, fewer common semi-trailer, mainly used in heavy vehicles.
3, steel plate suspension: is our common leaf spring, the full name is series steel plate spring balance suspension. It is mainly composed of leaf spring, suspension support (commonly known as lifting lug), connecting rod, U-bolt and additional parts. The biggest advantage of this suspension is that it is inexpensive, excellent reliability and convenient maintenance. At present, more than 80% of ordinary semi-trailers in China use steel plate spring balanced suspension.
4, air suspension: air suspension is the most obvious characteristic of the air bag type air spring, light weight, slight friction, nearly no noise when working, the service life is 2-3 times that of the leaf spring, but the structure is complex, the sealing requirements are strict, the cost is also high. At present, the domestic air suspension is used for precision instrument transportation, tobacco transportation, dangerous transportation and other high-end fields. It is worth mentioning that the oil-gas suspension strictly belongs to a kind of air suspension, mainly used in large mining vehicles, multi-axle special off-road vehicles, armored vehicles and different models.
Semi Trailer supplier says These four systems together form the vehicle chassis, which is used to support and install the vehicle engine and additional components and assemblies, forming the overall shape of the vehicle, bearing the engine power, and ensuring the normal running of the vehicle.
We can see that the chassis driving system where the axle is located also includes the frame, suspension and wheels. The two ends of the axle are used to connect the wheels, and the upper part is connected to the frame through the suspension.
That is to say, the trailer axle is usually connected to the suspension, and then the suspension is connected to the frame, fixed to the chassis.
While we're at it, I'd like to share with you some knowledge about the lower frame and suspension.
Frame: refers to the bridge structure between each vehicle bridge, is also the installation base of the vehicle, is composed of longitudinal beam and beam rigid structure, mainly can be divided into side beam type, middle beam type, comprehensive type and no beam type.
1, side beam frame: also known as trapezoidal frame, composed of two longitudinal beams and a number of beams on both sides of the riveted or welded into a strong rigid frame, widely used in commercial vehicles.
2. Middle beam frame: there is only one longitudinal beam located in the center and running through the whole length of the car, also known as backbone frame. The frame in the structure can allow the wheel to have a larger jumping space, easy to install independent suspension, and light weight, low center of gravity, strength and stiffness; the disadvantage is that the process is complex, the precision requirements are steep, the assembly installation is difficult, the maintenance is not convenient, so the current application is minor, mostly used for off-road vehicles.
3, comprehensive frame: also known as composite frame, refers to the front part is the side beam, the back part is the middle beam frame, at the same time has the characteristics of the middle beam and side beam frame, the side beam is used to install the engine, hanging out of the bracket for fixing the body, essentially belongs to the middle beam frame of a deformation, of course, the structure is more complex, mainly used for racing or special cars.
4, no beam frame: that is, the bearing type body, as the name suggests is not a separate frame, with the body instead of the frame, the main components are directly connected to the car body, the advantages are excellent stiffness, light weight, and the coordination between the components is better, the disadvantage is the production process is more complex, passenger cars and some buses are essentially using this form of frame.
Suspension: refers to the connection between the frame and the bridge components, the role is to transmit the force and force torsion between the wheel and the frame, buffer the impact force from the uneven road surface to the frame or body, reduce the vibration caused by this, to ensure that the car can drive smoothly, mainly can be divided into rigid suspension, single point suspension, steel suspension, air suspension four categories.
1, rigid suspension: left and right by an axle connection, chassis directly acting on the axle. This kind of shock absorption effect is extremely poor, currently used fewer, mainly used in the axis of carrying goods at low speed.
2. Single point suspension: the common leaf spring before and after support is reduced into a single support connected to the body, its force point is shared on the front and back of the two axles, compared with the ordinary leaf spring suspension bearing capacity is larger, fewer common semi-trailer, mainly used in heavy vehicles.
3, steel plate suspension: is our common leaf spring, the full name is series steel plate spring balance suspension. It is mainly composed of leaf spring, suspension support (commonly known as lifting lug), connecting rod, U-bolt and additional parts. The biggest advantage of this suspension is that it is inexpensive, excellent reliability and convenient maintenance. At present, more than 80% of ordinary semi-trailers in China use steel plate spring balanced suspension.
4, air suspension: air suspension is the most obvious characteristic of the air bag type air spring, light weight, slight friction, nearly no noise when working, the service life is 2-3 times that of the leaf spring, but the structure is complex, the sealing requirements are strict, the cost is also high. At present, the domestic air suspension is used for precision instrument transportation, tobacco transportation, dangerous transportation and other high-end fields. It is worth mentioning that the oil-gas suspension strictly belongs to a kind of air suspension, mainly used in large mining vehicles, multi-axle special off-road vehicles, armored vehicles and different models.